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Should We All Be Vegetarians - Free Essay Example

Sample details Pages: 4 Words: 1122 Downloads: 10 Date added: 2019/06/18 Category Health Essay Level High school Tags: Vegetarian Essay Did you like this example? Vegetarianism is not a condition for liberation or enlightenment, which is the purpose of Buddhist practice. And so it seems that Buddhist vegetarians are doing something unnecessary. Because if different Buddhist disciplines are able to practice without the necessity of being vegetarian, what do we have to do to become vegetarian? Although generally speaking, the number of vegetarians is on the rise for a variety of reasons, but only in terms of the majority of Buddhists awareness of vegetarianism, the number of vegetarians not much. Don’t waste time! Our writers will create an original "Should We All Be Vegetarians?" essay for you Create order On the contrary, such skepticisms and arguments against the vegetarian diet seem to be more and more apparent, even appearing at some of the monks in the Theravada tradition. In fact, the number of vegetarian Buddhists is still very modest, if not very low, compared to the overwhelming majority of vegetarians only on certain days of the month, or even not vegetarian This does not seem to be appropriate with the teachings of compassion as well as the teachings of cause and effect that all Buddhists believe and follow. First of all, Buddhists have two reasons for being vegetarian. The first is compassion. If you do not have compassion, or at least do not agree with the compassion of others, you have not had a good sympathy for Buddhism, let alone become a Buddhist. Therefore, all Buddhists are in the process of cultivating compassion or at least supporting, agreeing with the compassionate practice of others. If you have doubts about your own compassion, you can self-verify through a few simple questions. Watching the news every day on television, each time a disaster occurs somewhere in the world that hundreds of people die, thousands of people lost their homes, living miserably and in need, you will feel how? Can you be cold-hearted? Will, there be a throbbing heart in your heart, it makes you or your tears, or the urge to do something to share with others? Or do you sometimes go out on the street and accidentally witness a tragic accident, you can indifferently walk without hesitation? Or will yo u stop by and help if needed? Even if you cannot help, there is no compassion in your heart. Emotions emanating from suffering are completely natural in almost every human being, not just Buddhists. However, Buddhists who follow the Buddhas teachings should always cultivate compassion and turn those emotions into thoughts, words, and actions according to two specific goals: rescuing suffering and bringing joy to others. Suffering and joy is the meaning of compassion. The compassion of Buddhism towards the object is that all sentient beings are all perceptive, not just human beings. The progressive civilization of humanity today has come to be similar to this view as most civilized nations have a strict policy of protecting animals. Although humanity has not really stopped eating meat, the killing of animals today has been viewed as a crime. The second reason that Buddhists turn to vegetarianism is the belief in cause and effect. In a nutshell, if you are not vegetarian, that means you have not really believed the cause and effect. Why? Law of cause and effect makes it clear that when you sow, you will reap the fruit. No matter where you go to wherever you are or how long you are going to spend, the end is sure to be the result of your own actions. In fact, if you just have to suffer a painful stroke to change a meal, surely none of us will pick that up! But according to the law of cause and effect, with every meal of the flesh and blood, we will certainly have to return it with a life of suffering, because it will be terminated by killing, by the pain of tortured to death. Its a great price for just one meal, let alone hundreds of thousands of meals throughout our lives! So, if you do not think about the price too much, do not think about the consequences of sure to receive in the future because of your meals, does that say that you are not really sure about the kernel? fruit? Are you always deluded that you are an exception, and the scary consequences will not come to you? Are you suggesting that the killing will bring about the killings, but is that just for everyone else, but not for your case? Vegetarianism has different meanings for different religions or beliefs. In this sense, being a vegetarian means eating pure, pure food, rather than merely eating fish. However, first and foremost, of course, vegetarianism must include not eating meat or, broadly speaking, any food produced by slaughter. Some foods are not. by killing, but by harm that has. The livestock sector now breeds dairy cows, raising chickens for eggs but does not kill these animals right away, but is clearly damaging to life, not allowing these animals to live a natural life. , and therefore the food is not so pure, pure. Some plant foods are also mentioned in the classics as being impure, impure, because of their special properties, particularly pungent foods that are classified in the taste category. Including onions, chives, garlic, zucchini, and kao. Based on similar criteria, other foods such as booze, onion can also be classified in this group. The reason vegetarians do not eat these dishes is not just because of their pungent taste, but because they have a strong sexual stimulant effect, which is considered to be impure. However, you can still use these items as me dication when needed, in which case they are not considered as food. Does Buddhism oblige Buddhists to eat vegetarian food? The answer is no. In fact, it was the Buddha and his disciples, who were originally vegetarians, who were not vegetarians. When Buddhism was just formed after the Buddhas enlightenment and the beginning of the teachings, the Buddha and the Sangha lived on food obtained from begging in the villages and neighborhoods they passed. Most of the residents there did not know about vegetarianism, and they could donate to the monks bowl any food they had, including fish meat. In that situation, the monks cannot choose vegetarian food and refuse the impure food. It depends on how they want it. Never force yourself into a vegetarian diet if your mind is not really ready. But from today, start to think seriously about the meaning of vegetarianism as I have described above, and then you will be able to make judgments about these meanings. That is perfectly possible in any s ituation, and I am sure that it will plant seeds into your mind for a better future. Be sure to practice what you feel is right, but do not let yourself be dragged into arguments.

General Commentary of 1984 by George Orwell - 1514 Words

General Commentary of 1984 by George Orwell George Orwells dystopian (a fictional place where people lead dehumanized and fearful lives) vision of the year 1984, as depicted in what many consider to be his greatest novel, has entered the collective consciousness of the English-speaking world more completely than perhaps any other political text, whether fiction or nonfiction. No matter how far our contemporary world may seem from 1984s Oceania, any suggestion of government surveillance of its citizens -- from the threatened clipper chip, which would have allowed government officials to monitor all computer activity, to New York Mayor Rudy Giulianis decision to place security cameras in Central Park -- produces cries of Big†¦show more content†¦In his essay 1984: Enigmas of Power, Irving Howe writes, There can be no free space in the lives of the Outer Party faithful, nothing that remains beyond the command of the state. Sexual energy is to be transformed into political violence and personal hysteria. It is this rec ognition by the Party that there may be no element of human nature which can remain the province of the individual without endangering the Partys hold on its members that represents the great advance of Ingsoc (English Socialism, in OldSpeak) over previous totalitarian regimes. There was always room, notes Howe, in these previous regimes, for free space, that margin of personal autonomy which even in the worst moments of Stalinism and Hitlerism some people wanted to protect. The advance represented by Ingsoc, according to Emmanuel Goldsteins The Theory and Practice of Oligarchal Collectivism, the book written by a collective of Inner Party members including OBrien, is the realization by the Party that all previous oppressive regimes were nonetheless infected with liberal ideas about the individual: Part of the reason for this was that in the past no government had the power to keep its citizens under constant surveillance. The invention of print, however, made it easier to manipulate public opinion, and the film and the radio carried the process further. With theShow MoreRelatedGeorge Orwell s Emphasis Of The Two Minutes Hate1021 Words   |  5 PagesThe Reason Behind George Orwell’s Emphasis of the Two Minutes Hate Many technological advancements have been made throughout the years, and almost all people have access to some form of technology. In 1984 this is also true with technological advancements being made to their television and broadcasting systems. The technological advancements made to these items is the reason for George Orwell including the Two Minutes Hate in his book. He puts a lot of emphasis on this idea in the beginningRead MoreOrwells Such, Such Were the Joys....: Alienation and Other Such Joy1701 Words   |  7 PagesOrwells Such, Such Were the Joys....: Alienation and Other Such Joys George Orwell expresses a feeling of alienation throughout Such, Such Were the Joys.... He casts himself as a misfit, unable to understand his peers, the authorities placed over him, and the laws that govern his existence. Orwell writes, The good and the possible never seemed to coincide (37). Though he shows his ability to enumerate what is good, he resigns himself to a predestined state; uncertain of whereRead MoreEssay on Analysis of George Orwells 19844218 Words   |  17 PagesAnalysis of George Orwells 1984 War Is Peace. Freedom Is Slavery. Ignorance Is Strength. The party slogan of Ingsoc illustrates the sense of contradiction which characterizes the novel 1984. That the book was taken by many as a condemnation of socialism would have troubled Orwell greatly, had he lived to see the aftermath of his work. 1984 was a warning against totalitarianism and state sponsored brutality driven by excess technology. Socialist idealism in 1984 had turned to a total loss ofRead MoreHow George Orwell Grew into the Author of Animal Farm551 Words   |  2 PagesGeorge Orwell was originally named Eric Blair from Motihari, India, in 1903. Although he was raised in England. He moved to Spain after college where he attended Eton. Because of financial issues he could stay for long. He had trouble making money after colleges and was a struggling writer. He moved to Spain and joined one of the groups fighting against General Francisco Franco in the Spanish Civil War. To stay economically stable after the w ar partook in all sorts of writing works. In 1941, he gotRead MoreSummary Of The Utopia Bible 1723 Words   |  7 Pagescreation; Nothing is more important, not even the meaning, in life than connecting with others, for we are all one in the universal consciousness; we are the all. The anthropic principle within the cybernetic sense, in correlation with the idea of general relativity, proves this fact; we are the all, for we created everything to connect with ourselves, to know what it means to be: reality is fake, people are all that is, so treat ‘em like it. Table of Contents 1.Introduction Author’s RegardsRead MoreHow To Write Literary Analysis4174 Words   |  17 Pagesperson telling the story. The narrator may straightforwardly report what happens, convey the subjective opinions and perceptions of one or more characters, or provide commentary and opinion in his or her own voice. Themes: The main idea or message of the work—usually an abstract idea about people, society, or life in general. A work may have many themes, which may be in tension with one another. Elements of Style These are the hows—how the characters speak, how the story is constructed, and

Importance of Technology in Education Essays - 1310 Words

Everyday life involves technology. Everyday life is no longer simple. If one is not tech savvy, he or she may struggle to make his or her way through the day. In recent times technology has reached a new level of advancements and is taking over everywhere, including the classroom. Which is why San Angelo schools should incorporate more into elementary classrooms. Technology is used for basic actions but can also make activities easier for students. Research shows when technology is integrated into the classroom students can benefit a great deal. Technology should be integrated in the SAISD classroom for daily use. One problem that is faced by the teachers is that they do not know how to use the technology available to them and they are†¦show more content†¦What many do not realize is that with the help of a strong school board and other fellow teachers who are younger/ more technological efficient in the areas that are being taught can be relayed and taught to the older generation of teachers to help the youth of this current generation. The best way to better prepare teachers is to require workshops because â€Å"Multimedia digital technology, computers, and all that goes with them have exploded in terms of need and opportunity concerning K-12 schools throughout the United States. National and state level educational organizations have made recommendations or laws pertaining to the skills teachers should have in the area of technology and its integration across the curriculum† (Rogers, R., Wallace, J. 2011, p.28-61). Many in the field of education do not tend to realize that the schools want to have a greater advancement in the classroom with technology not only due to the students now, but so they can stay ahead of the curve and be ready for the next part of this curveball that science has thrown at us. No one would have thought that we would be where we are at today in education. 15 years ago students were still taking accelerated reader tests off of computers that used dial up for the internet. The greater issue is adapting it into the lesson plans in early childhood education and I believe that this article is the right proposal for it. To start, oneShow MoreRelatedThe Importance Of Technology In Education823 Words   |  4 Pagesamount of technology on the shelves at ROWVA community School District 208 is very impressive for such a small, rural district. While looking at the vast opportunities available for learning, one may assume that technology is the focus of education, that is not the case. It is time to teach technology - not for technology s sake but to ignite a spark of creativity and logical problem solving that is sometimes lost in the â€Å"old factory† ways of education. Educators should integrate technology into theRead MoreImportance Of Technology In Education1417 Words   |  6 PagesTechnology in Education Topic: The integration of technology into the modern day education process In what way education has changed in favor of using technologies vs the past Reasons why schools might be changing towards the side of using technology more Formations : effects introducing adolescent to technology integrate tech and is it in their favor to do so Intelligent tutoring , Potential disadvantages to integrating partially or fully integrating into education( is it a bad idea PositiveRead MoreThe Importance Of Technology In Education705 Words   |  3 Pageskind of technology being tablets, phones, computers, or even gaming consoles that they use every single day. 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Those who do not use technology do not realize that technology can be compatible and convenient in any environment, is constantly being updated with new resourcesRead MoreThe Importance Of Technology Education932 Words   |  4 Pagesform of technology. Students like to take online classes because it saves time and money, also it allows the student to have time to work. Technology education is the study and practice of technology, in which a student can learn how to comprehend and use it.The teacher can have two jobs when he or she has classes online and the teachers can help students to learn technology. Teachers can show us our grades and upload homework online. The three reasons how students can improve their education is byRead MoreThe Importance Of Technology In Education1229 Words   |  5 PagesThe speed of technology is growing at an exponential rate. In this digital age, students have more opportunities through electronic products such as computers , tablets, and mobile devices.   The average student graduating from college in the United States has spent less than 5,000 hours on studying, but 10,000 hours on computer games or social networking. Moreover, since 2012, as many as sixty-three percent of universities offer online courses. Educational leaders throughout the U.S. are using electronicRead MoreThe Importance Of Technology In Education1399 Words   |  6 Pages Technology is here to stay and appears to be ever advancing, but teachers are struggling to adapt with learning about the new software and tools that the districts are trying to implement into the curriculum. Teachers shape the minds of our future; thus making teaching the most important occupation in the world. In order to achieve maximum greatness in the classroom a teacher must be open to changing the methods in which they teach. With time, technology has seemed to shimmy its way into almostRead MoreThe Importance Of Technology In Education1232 Words   |à ‚  5 PagesTechnology has been evolving over thousands of years and it has provided humans with education, better health care, and communication that is the key to making our world a better place for future generations to come. Technology is a field of knowledge having to do with the practical applications of science and industry or the inventions and methods of solving problems that are produced through research in these areas. It has helped the school system, the medical field, and provided us with communicationRead MoreThe Importance Of Technology, The Future Of Education985 Words   |  4 PagesTechnology is the Future of Education Do you remember when you had to plug a cable into the phone jack then plug that cord into the computer just to use the dial up internet? How about when you called someone who was currently on the dial up internet, the phone would make that dreadful noise because when using dial up internet you couldn’t use the phone and the internet at the same time. Then times changed and wireless internet came out and wasn’t that just the best creation ever. Who knew you couldRead MoreImportance Of Information Technology In Teacher Education1566 Words   |  7 PagesInformation and Communication Technology in Teacher Education in India: Benefits and Barriers Abstract: Teacher education plays a vital role in developing quality education which is the present requirement in the modem information communication era. Teacher educators are the basis producing the future teachers who are the pillars of nations. The quality of teacher education programmes depend on the quality of teacher educators who are the teachers of teachers. They should be well equipped with

Dramatic and Nora Essay Example For Students

Dramatic and Nora Essay A Dolls House deals with the position of women in matters of marriage and society in the 19th century. To what extent do you agree that these ideas were ahead of their time? The inspiration for A Dolls House came from the tragic events that happened to Laura Kieler a young woman Ibsen met in1870. Laura asked Ibsen to comment on a play she was writing and they became close friends. Some time later her husband contracted tuberculosis and was advised to visit a warm climate. Unfortunately they lacked the financial means so she acquired a loan. Repayment was demanded and Laura had to forge a cheque. This was soon discovered and her husband treated her like a common criminal, despite the fact that she had these actions for his sake. She suffered a nervous breakdown and was committed to a public asylum. Eventually she begged him to take her back for the sake of the children. Ibsen then began to write A Dolls House. A Dolls house was first performed in Copenhagen on the 21st of December 1879. From the very start of the play we are introduced to an attentive, compliant and submissive wife, Nora. As the play continues the audience begin to see that there is something more to Nora, she is not simply Torvalds pet, a little skylark twittering. My essay will attempt to show that the character of Nora was a very bold one that was not easily digested by the general public. To the audience of the time the play was seen as being outrageously controversial. This is clearly seen be the fact that the ending of the play had to be re-written so that Nora would stay at the final scene. This change was later reversed, a reversal that proved fruitful for the feminist movement. Ibsen himself did not want to be associated with the feminist of the time. The Norwegian Womens Rights League held a banquet to pay homage to Ibsen to which the Norwegian playwright Ibsen was guest of honour. In a speech he gave on 26th May 1898 he said I thank you for the toast but must disclaim the honour of having consciously worked for the womens rights movement. I am not even quite clear as to just what the womens rights movement really is1 This quote is best interpreted against the background of Ibsens frequently voiced declination to belong to parties or societies of any kind. I believe that Ibsen was concerned with the state of the human soul as a whole. This concern that Ibsen has ultimately cuts across class and gender lines. Ibsens wife Suzannah Thoresen Ibsen and her stepmother Magdalene Thoresen were perhaps the catalyst for Ibsens conception of strong-willed female characters. These female characters include Svanhild of Loves Comedy (1862) and perhaps more importantly Nora of A Dolls House. Magdalene was a writer of novels and dramas and probably the first New Woman he had ever met. 2 Perhaps even more important in affecting Ibsens attitude toward women was Camilla Collett. Collett is regarded as Norways first and most significant feminist. Her novel The District Governors Daughter (1854) attacked the marriage institution because of its neglect of womens feelings During the 1870s Ibsen had impassioned conversations with Collett about issues such as marriage and womens role in society. His great esteem for her is evident in a letter that Ibsen wrote to Collett for her seventieth birthday in 1883 in which he predicts that the future will benefit from her intellectual pioneer work. Later in the letter Ibsen writes of Colletts long-standing influence on his writings. 3 There are 52 references to doors opening and closing within Ibsens play. In closing the door on her husband and children, Nora opened the door to the womens movement. Gina Krog, a leading Norwegian feminist in the 1880s and editor of the feminist journal Nyloende, called A Dolls House and its potential repercussions on how women would be treated a miracle. Amalie Skram was Norways foremost naturalist writer and first Norwegian to write about female sexuality openly. .u8c3ea0307724f23354c5267fb45540b5 , .u8c3ea0307724f23354c5267fb45540b5 .postImageUrl , .u8c3ea0307724f23354c5267fb45540b5 .centered-text-area { min-height: 80px; position: relative; } .u8c3ea0307724f23354c5267fb45540b5 , .u8c3ea0307724f23354c5267fb45540b5:hover , .u8c3ea0307724f23354c5267fb45540b5:visited , .u8c3ea0307724f23354c5267fb45540b5:active { border:0!important; } .u8c3ea0307724f23354c5267fb45540b5 .clearfix:after { content: ""; display: table; clear: both; } .u8c3ea0307724f23354c5267fb45540b5 { display: block; transition: background-color 250ms; webkit-transition: background-color 250ms; width: 100%; opacity: 1; transition: opacity 250ms; webkit-transition: opacity 250ms; background-color: #95A5A6; } .u8c3ea0307724f23354c5267fb45540b5:active , .u8c3ea0307724f23354c5267fb45540b5:hover { opacity: 1; transition: opacity 250ms; webkit-transition: opacity 250ms; background-color: #2C3E50; } .u8c3ea0307724f23354c5267fb45540b5 .centered-text-area { width: 100%; position: relative ; } .u8c3ea0307724f23354c5267fb45540b5 .ctaText { border-bottom: 0 solid #fff; color: #2980B9; font-size: 16px; font-weight: bold; margin: 0; padding: 0; text-decoration: underline; } .u8c3ea0307724f23354c5267fb45540b5 .postTitle { color: #FFFFFF; font-size: 16px; font-weight: 600; margin: 0; padding: 0; width: 100%; } .u8c3ea0307724f23354c5267fb45540b5 .ctaButton { background-color: #7F8C8D!important; color: #2980B9; border: none; border-radius: 3px; box-shadow: none; font-size: 14px; font-weight: bold; line-height: 26px; moz-border-radius: 3px; text-align: center; text-decoration: none; text-shadow: none; width: 80px; min-height: 80px; background: url(https://artscolumbia.org/wp-content/plugins/intelly-related-posts/assets/images/simple-arrow.png)no-repeat; position: absolute; right: 0; top: 0; } .u8c3ea0307724f23354c5267fb45540b5:hover .ctaButton { background-color: #34495E!important; } .u8c3ea0307724f23354c5267fb45540b5 .centered-text { display: table; height: 80px; padding-left : 18px; top: 0; } .u8c3ea0307724f23354c5267fb45540b5 .u8c3ea0307724f23354c5267fb45540b5-content { display: table-cell; margin: 0; padding: 0; padding-right: 108px; position: relative; vertical-align: middle; width: 100%; } .u8c3ea0307724f23354c5267fb45540b5:after { content: ""; display: block; clear: both; } READ: Versions of Romeo and Juliet EssaySkram praised the play dramatically and psychologically and she saw that upon seeing the play women would wake up to the injustices committed against them. These feminist beliefs were not restricted to the women of the time. M. J. Faerden, a pastor, preached to his congregation in 1884; Just as Nora appears in the final scene free and unfettered by any bond, divine or human, without commitment or obligation to the man whom she has given her promise or to the children she has brought into this world- likewise we will find the modern marriage, from beginning to end. 4 With the above statements from a broad range of Norways intellectuals I have come to the conclusion that although Ibsen may have not intended his play and Nora Helmer to become an iconic symbol for feminists policies directly it most certainly did have a positive effect on the feminist movement. But were these ideas ahead of their time? It is clear that other people of the time had these beliefs, but these were in great minority to those who did not. I have come to the deduction that it is a fact that A Dolls House propelled the feminist beliefs to a wider audience, Ibsens audience. It is also of interest that many of the audience of A Dolls House would have been unaware that they were listening, and more importantly learning, about female oppression through a forth wall perspective. This perspective would have allowed them to analyse their marriage to their partners themselves that could have contributed to the revolution that was to follow. Nora is Ibsens most famous emancipated female character. It is extremely fitting that Nora achieves self-realization occurs by turning her back on her husband and children. Upon first reading the play I thought that the ending was far too dramatic and Nora was portrayed as being cruel to leave the children. Upon closer observation of the play and its setting becoming a parent is traditionally the sign of accomplishing adulthood, as the title suggests marriage and motherhood for Nora has been a kind of Doll like existence. Nora has played with her children just as Torvald and Noras papa before him, played with her (v, 280-281).

Recruiting Project Managers Define Leadership

Question: Describe about the Recruiting Project Managers for Define Leadership. Answer: Introduction Researchers Goleman, Boyatzis and McKee (2013) define leadership as the art of providing such services or facilities to others (to the subordinates to be very specific), such that they receive the training, guidance and the tools that are essential for realizing their full potential. Such leadership processes are necessary for the completion of organizational projects. The following sections of the report would provide an annotated bibliography of eight scholarly literatures that present discussions on various aspects of project team leadership. The concluding part of the report would be utilized for summarizing the information available from the said papers. Organizational Background Omar Jibran Engineering Industries is one of the leading vendors of Injection moulded plastic component to automotive industry in Pakistan. The organization had a very well equipped production facility but relied on foreign companies for supply of moulds and tooling for production of parts. After conducting annual SWOT analysis the management of organization realises that an in-house mould manufacturing facility is crucial for the sustainable growth of organization. The in-house mould manufacturing plant will not only reduced time and cost for producing parts but it an opportunity to diversify the organization product range. The initial project plan developed by Project Manager suggests that this project is expected to cost as much as 10 million US dollars and be completed within a span of 8 months. The plan also identify that a team of 25 people is required for completion of Project. The major issue faced by organization for accomplishment of this project is unamiability of suitably qualified local work force, to overcome the problem the organization developed an extensive training and retention plan for the team that worked on this project. The annotated bibliography provided in the following section has been conducted as a part of the research work undertaken for the project. The annotated bibliography The founder president of Heasley and Partners, Ms. Kathy Heasley defines leadership in the following words: "Leadership is being bold enough to have vision and humble enough to recognize achieving it will take the efforts of many people people who are most fulfilled when they share their gifts and talents, rather than just work. Leaders create that culture, serve that greater good and let others soar"(Heasleyandpartners.com 2016). The following section of the report would be utilized for reporting the findings of the various scholarly articles (essentially covering topics on team leadership) that have been reviewed for documenting this report. The design or structuring of project teams: Resource 2.1.1 Resource: Wright, E. 2013. Project Team Development and How to Accelerate It.PM World Journal, [online] 2(10), pp.1-7. Available at: https://www.pmworldjournal.net [Accessed 12 Aug. 2016]. Discussion: This paper is about the sequential steps of the team development for a project. The study of this article will help to understand the way of developing an effective team for the short-term projects. The designed methodology for the project team development has been tested in the practical field for understanding the effectiveness. Thus, the methodology of the research work was the experimental method. The literature review method was used for the development of the stages of the team development and then the effectiveness of the developed team structuring strategy was experimented among the graduate and undergraduate students practical classes on a private sector university campus in the Midwest. The project team develop strategy described in this paper is about the team development for the students in their capstone project. It is also helpful for the team preparation in the organizational project in the practical field. The team development strategy is developed based on the Tuckman model and necessary for developing a team for any project in the present edge. The paper is useful in understanding the proper leadership role of the mangers of developing an effective team for a project. The different steps described in the journal are very helpful for understanding the way of active project team development by enhancing the readers' knowledge in the area of leadership. Resource 2.1.2 Resource: Dayan, M. and Elbanna, S., 2011. Antecedents of team intuition and its impact on the success of new product development projects.Journal of Product Innovation Management,28(s1), pp.159-174. Discussion: This research paper is about the team development for a new product development project. The different factors of team development and structuring covered in this research paper are the team intelligence, quality of the teamwork and the charged behavior in the field of the new team development for developing product. The methodology used for conducting the research work was the survey method. The sample of the research study were 568 firms in the industries in Ankara and Istanbul. The respondents of the survey were the project managers and the team members of the teams of the new product development in the companies. The research study was conducted for satisfying some predefining hypotheses. The research paper has the authentic data from the practical filed of the project team development for the new products in different types of organization. The findings of the study are helpful for understanding the effective decisions of the managers for developing a team for developing a new product. However, the use of the retrospective data was a limitation of the research study regarding the validity and reliability of the data. The research paper is related to the organizational context of the current research work. This article helped to understand the different factors of team development and taking the superior for managing the team for a new product development. Collaboration in the project environment: Resource 2.2.1 Resource: Suprapto, M., Bakker, H.L., Mooi, H.G. and Moree, W., 2015. Sorting out the essence of ownercontractor collaboration in capital project delivery. International Journal of Project Management,33(3), pp.664-683. Discussion: In this article, the authors have reported the findings of the research work that was aimed at pointing out the optimized collaboration strategies among project owners and contractors essential for the success of engineering projects. The authors have utilized the primary methods of study for conducting this research work: as many as ten senior engineers who have had the experience of being considered as project reporting personnel and project managers have been interviewed. The data collected from these personnel have been analyzed with the help of Q methodology to arrive at a conclusion. The findings reported by the authors indicate that essential components of any collaborative environment, according to the practitioners who have been reviewed are: shared objectives an honest and open communication system a work culture in which no one blames each other and acceptance of shared responsibilities. The data presented in the article is indeed reliable, as the entire information has been based on the primary sources: which is the major strength of the paper. However, the researchers have not conducted any industry wise classification of the data, which can be considered as a weakness. The findings of this research work can essentially be utilized to develop a collaborative work environment in Omar Jibran Engineering Industries and thus the selection of the article is justified. Resource 2.2.2 Resource: Janutaite, S., Vosyliute, V., Vizgirdaite, J. and Taras, V., 2015. Cross-cultural Virtual Group Work: Cooperation vs. Collaboration (Case of Project X-Culture). Social Sciences, 88(2), pp.66-88. Discussion: In this article, the researcher has made an attempt to identify the scenarios in which team collaboration should be utilized in contrast the situations demanding team co-operation. The entire research work is been based on the case study of X-Culture, a project that started in 2010 under the leadership of Dr. Vas Taras with the aim of developing a team of corporate employees, students, professors and other experts from the field of academic research. Those who were in that point of time, interested in working together on various research projects. As mentioned in the article, Janutaite had interviewed some of the members associated with the X-Culture project to fulfil the objective of the study. The author has concluded that the transition from team co-operation to team collaboration should essentially occur during the norming and perform phases of teamwork. However, the researcher has also highlighted the fact that most project teams fail to go through this transition process. The findings of this research work would indeed guide project managers in pinpointing the exact phase at which team collaborations should be utilized. Creating a productive project environment: Resource 2.3.1 Resource: Kessels, J. and Keursten, P., 2002. Creating a knowledge productive work environment. Lifelong Learning in Europe, 7(2), pp.104-112. Discussion: In this article, researchers Kessels and Keursten have attempted to identify the manner in which work environments are changing and the manner in which the productivity of such environments can be improved, such that the employees working in such conditions can consider the same as a learning opportunity and increase their efficiency. The authors have conductive an extensive review of several scholarly articles, thus being capable of finding out the following factors that might be immensely effective in the development of a productive work environment: The exchange of knowledge among the employees who are working together Allowing an employee to work on ideas or activities that they are interested in or are competent. Encouraging the employees in improving their knowledge and skills. It has already been mentioned that there exists a little difference in between structure of research organizations and organizational projects. Thus, it is expected that the information provided in this article would allow project leaders in managing their team environment in a better way. Resource 2.3.2 Resource: Meshanko, P., 2013. The Respect Effect: Using the Science of Neuroleadership to Inspire a More Loyal and Productive Workplace. Cell, 216, pp.513-8740. Discussion: Paul Meshanko, the CEO and President of the Legacy Business Cultures' provides a glimpse of the manner in which certain leadership skills of the managerial authorities can be of great help in producing a working environment that not only increases the productivity and efficiency of the employees but also ensures their loyalty towards the organization. The author has an extensive experience in the domain of neuroscience and had utilized in the same in the identifying the manner in which the lessons provided by this specific domain of science can be effectively used in the practical domain. The authors association with various educational and scientific research groups has brought him to the conclusion that the following are the golden rules for creating an efficient and productive workplace environment: Being capable of communicating in an effective manner Being capable of managing disputes and disagreements Being capable of understanding situations from different perspectives. Being capable of learning from mistakes Being capable of encouraging the team members to improve their abilities continuously. The author had primarily pointed out the above-mentioned factors in the context of academic research groups. However, since most organizational project teams are structured in a fashion similar to such research groups, it is expected that the adherence to the golden rules would necessarily facilitate the process of increasing the productivity of a project team. Selecting project team members/project team member competencies: Resource 2.4.1 Resource: Ahsan, K., Ho, M. and Khan, S., 2013. Recruiting project managers: A comparative analysis of skills and recruitment signals from job advertisements. Project Management Journal, 44(5), pp.36-54. Discussion: In this research article, Ahsan et al. have attempted towards identifying the characteristics and competencies that business organizations expect to have in project managers. The researchers have utilized the method of content analysis for analyzing the recruitment offers posted in leading newspapers. Besides this, the researchers have also collected information from various recruitment websites and have arrived at the conclusion that technical expertise, leadership qualities and efficient communication skills are considered the most essential qualities of project team members. The findings presented in this report would essentially facilitate the process of hiring the project team leaders, based on their skills and qualifications. However, use of only secondary sources is a limitation of the research work. Use of primary data could be more valuable for gathering the data from actual practical filed. The research article is very helpful for understanding the proper way of selecting the project team members and evaluating their skills. The understanding of these factors will help the readers for developing their leadership skills for the future project development works. The study is also relevant to the organizational context of the current research work as it is about developing different types of plastic products through efficient team work, for which the selecting effective project team members is highly significant. Resource 2.4.2 Resource: Loufrani-Fedida, S. and Missonier, S., 2015. The project manager cannot be a hero anymore! Understanding critical competencies in project-based organizations from a multilevel approach.International Journal of Project Management,33(6), pp.1220-1235. Discussion: This particular article is aimed at enhancing the manner in which critical competencies are considered in multilevel organizational projects. The writers have considered the case studies of four project-based organizations and have utilized the findings to point out the competencies that are considered critical in such enterprises. The writers have utilized a case study methodology to conduct the research work that has been reported in this article. The four organization that were selected for doing the research work included IBM and Hewlett-Packard, two renowned enterprises developing IT hardware, the well-known pharmaceutical organization Arkopharma and Temex which is common knowledge for developing electronic products. The researchers had interviewed employees (including project team members, project managers, HR officials and HR managers) of the above-mentioned organizations to gain idea regarding the competencies that are considered critical in these organizations. The findings of the research work indicate that senior managers associated with the organizational projects are expected to have project management competencies, irrespective of the domains in which these organizations operate. In a very similar fashion, technical skills are expected of project team members. The strength of the article lies in the fact that the data were collected by the researchers themselves, thus being reliable. However, the number of interviews conducted was not significant (only 64) which can be considered as a weakness. The article has been chosen as it provides reliable data about manufacturing organizations, which can be utilized in case of the organizational context selected for this report. Conclusions The discussions made in the report mainly point towards the fact that an effective team leadership is a mandate for organizations aimed at achieving key results. Since organizational projects are conducted with the objective of fulfilling individual business goals and objectives, it can be pointed out that effective leadership qualities are essential for the successful completion of such projects. The articles discussed in section 2.1 of the report provide a detailed discussion on the manner in which the structuring of project teams can be efficiently conducted, while those discussed in Section 2.2 define the effect of team collaboration on achieving the organizational objectives and goals. On the other hand, section 2.3 sheds light on some of the essential characteristics of productive project environments and section 2.4 deals with the must have skills or competencies of employees (along with that of team leaders or managers) allocated to a project. In the light of the discussions made in the report, we can safely conclude that effective communication skills and the ability to share knowledge are some of the most important characteristics that need to be present among the members of a project team, to ensure the overall success of the said project. On the other, the project managers need to oversee the appropriate allocation of resources (based on their skills, interests and competencies) to ensue productive project environments. References Ahsan, K., Ho, M. and Khan, S., 2013. Recruiting project managers: A comparative analysis of competencies and recruitment signals from job advertisements. Project Management Journal, 44(5), pp.36-54. Dayan, M. and Elbanna, S., 2011. Antecedents of team intuition and its impact on the success of new product development projects.Journal of Product Innovation Management,28(s1), pp.159-174. Goleman, D., Boyatzis, R. and McKee, A., 2013. Primal leadership: Unleashing the power of emotional intelligence. Harvard Business Press. Heasleyandpartners.com, 2016. HEASLEYPARTNERS. [online] HEASLEYPARTNERS. Available at: https://www.heasleyandpartners.com/ [Accessed 23 Jul. 2016]. Janutaite, S., Vosyliute, V., Vizgirdaite, J. and Taras, V., 2015. Cross-cultural Virtual Group Work: Cooperation vs. Collaboration (Case of Project X-Culture). Social Sciences, 88(2), pp.66-88. Kessels, J. and Keursten, P., 2002. Creating a knowledge productive work environment. Lifelong Learning in Europe, 7(2), pp.104-112. Loufrani-Fedida, S. and Missonier, S., 2015. The project manager cannot be a hero anymore! Understanding critical competencies in project-based organisations from a multilevel approach. International Journal of Project Management,33(6), pp.1220-1235. Meshanko, P., 2013. The Respect Effect: Using the Science of Neuroleadership to Inspire a More Loyal and Productive Workplace. Cell, 216, pp.513-8740. Suprapto, M., Bakker, H.L., Mooi, H.G. and Moree, W., 2015. Sorting out the essence of ownercontractor collaboration in capital project delivery.International Journal of Project Management,33(3), pp.664-683. Wright, E. 2013. Project Team Development and How to Accelerate It.PM World Journal, [online] 2(10), pp.1-7. 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